Electromagnetism

Let’s talk about this subject called (EM)
Electromagnetism. Electromagnetism is a large,
encompassing theory, so it’s no wonder that many
people do not understand it because we cannot see it,
feel it or even taste it. A basic book on it will
almost immediately dive into the world of boring
mathematics, such as Maxwell’s equations!

Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) are invisible lines
of force that surround any electrical device. Power
lines, electrical wiring, and electrical equipment all
produce EMF. There are many other sources of EMF as
well. The focus of this discussion is on the basic
understanding of EMF--that is, EMF associated with the
generation, transmission, and use of electric power.

Electric fields are produced by voltage and increase
in strength as the voltage increases. The electric
field strength is measured in units of volts per meter
(V/m). Magnetic fields result from the flow of current
through wires or electrical devices and increase in
strength as the current increases. Magnetic fields are
measured in units of gauss (G) or tesla (T).

Most electrical equipment has to be turned on, i.e.,
current must be flowing, for a magnetic field to be
produced. Electric fields are often present even when
the equipment is switched off, as long as it remains
connected to the source of electric power. Brief
bursts of EMF (sometimes called "transients") can also
occur when electrical devices are turned on or off.

Electric fields are shielded or weakened by materials
that conduct electricity--even materials that conduct
poorly, including trees, buildings, and human skin.
Magnetic fields, however, pass through most materials
and are therefore more difficult to shield. Both
electric fields and magnetic fields decrease rapidly
as the distance from the source increases.

Even though electrical equipment, appliances, and
power lines produce both electric and magnetic fields,
most recent research has focused on potential health
effects of magnetic field exposure. This is because
some epidemiological studies have reported an
increased cancer risk associated with estimates of
magnetic field exposure. No similar associations have
been reported for electric fields; many of the studies
examining biological effects of electric fields were
essentially negative.

The term "EMF" usually refers to electric and magnetic
fields at extremely low frequencies such as those
associated with the use of electric power. The term
EMF can be used in a much broader sense as well,
encompassing electromagnetic fields with low or high
frequencies.

Measuring EMF: Common Terms
Electric fields: Electric field strength is measured
in volts per meter (V/m) or in kilovolts per meter
(kV/m). 1 kV = 1000 V
Magnetic fields: Magnetic fields are measured in units
of gauss (G) or tesla (T). Gauss is the unit most
commonly used in the United States. Tesla is the
internationally accepted scientific term. 1 T = 10,000
G Since most environmental EMF exposures involve
magnetic fields that are only a fraction of a tesla or
a gauss, these are commonly measured in units of
microtesla (µT) or milligauss (mG). A milligauss is
1/1,000 of a gauss. A microtesla is 1/1,000,000 of a
tesla. 1 G = 1,000 mG; 1 T = 1,000,000 µT To convert a
measurement from microtesla (µT) to milligauss (mG),
multiply by 10. 1 µT = 10 mG; 0.1 µT = 1 mG

The earth produces EMF, mainly in the form of static
fields, similar to the fields generated by DC
electricity. Electric fields are produced by air
turbulence and other atmospheric activity. The earth's
magnetic field of about 500 mG is thought to be
produced by electric currents flowing deep within the
earth's core. Because these fields are static rather
than alternating, they do not induce currents in
stationary objects as do fields associated with
alternating current. Such static fields can induce
currents in moving and rotating objects.

The wavy line at the right illustrates the concept
that the higher the frequency, the more rapidly the
field varies. The fields do not vary at 0 Hz (direct
current) and vary trillions of times per second near
the top of the spectrum. Note that 104 means 10 x 10 x
10 x 10 or 10,000 Hz. 1 kilohertz (kHz) = 1,000 Hz. 1
megahertz (MHz) = 1,000,000 Hz.

You cannot see a magnetic field, but this illustration
represents how the strength of the magnetic field can
diminish just 1-2 feet (30-61 centimeters) from the
source. This magnetic field is a 60-Hz power-frequency
field.
When it comes to using EMF detectors, may folks have
no clue on how to use them properly or the ability to
determine man-made sources such as (AC), which is
alternating current from natural ones (DC), which is
direct current.

The problem is amplified by the fact that most meters
are calibrated at 60Hz AC, the same frequency as
household wiring and other man-made electrical
systems. They were not designed for what we are using
them for, such as paranormal research.

Most of us, aka ghost hunters will tell you that
ghosts are believed to emit some kind of
electromagnetic field, so called EMF. However, when
asked why they believe this, many cannot give a good
scientific answer because we are still in the
beginning stages of this frontier research.

Here is some of our hypothesizes explaining how the
EMF detector problem can be solved to some degree in
the field of paranormal research. The scientific
method is the best way yet discovered for winnowing
the truth from lies and delusion. The basic version
looks something like this:

1. Observe some aspect of the universe.
2. Invent a theory that is consistent with what you
have observed.
3. Use the theory to make predictions.
4. Test those predictions by experiments or further
observations.
5. Modify the theory in the light of your results.
6. Go back to step 3 and loop again.

So, what is my theory, the basis for ghostly
energetic? There is really only one possibility within
known science, so let’s go to the
specialists.

To begin our quest, we must first take a look at the
ghost in the human machine, the conscious of the mind.
Professor McFadden from the School of Biomedical and
Life Sciences at the University of Surrey in the UK
believes our conscious mind could be an
electromagnetic field. His theory may solve many
previously intractable problems of consciousness and
could have profound implications for our concepts of
mind, spirituality and even life and death.

There are wide differences in the concepts of
consciousness, which are prevalent among biologists,
psychologists, and sociologists. The threefold meaning
of consciousness comes from the Latin word 'con-scio':
a) to cut, b) to make a distinction, and c) to know.

There are three different ways to know the difference
-- 'con-scientia':
1) Through genetic bio-reactive knowledge,
2) Through personal self-reflexive knowledge, and,
3) Through social, consensually validated knowledge.

Most people consider "mind" to be all the conscious
things that we are aware of. However this is not quite
accurate. The majority of mental activity occurs
without awareness. Actions such as peddling a bicycle
or walking can become as automatic as breathing. The
biggest puzzle in neuroscience is how the brain
activity that we're aware of (consciousness) differs
from the brain activity of all of those unconscious
actions.

The human brain is a symphony of electromagnetic
signals, but science has had trouble finding the
conductor of the symphony. One of the problems that
neurologists have with consciousness is called the
binding problem. The best way to explain the binding
problem is to use the analogy of a tree. A tree seems
to contain thousands of leaves, all of which are
contained on several branches. Neurobiology tells us
that the information contained in the mind (all the
leaves) is dissected and scattered among millions of
widely separated neurons. The binding problem is
encountered when science tries to explain where in the
brain all those leaves are stuck together to form the
conscious impression of a whole tree.

How does our brain bind information to generate
consciousness? The data does not seem to add up and
our symphony conductor is once again missing.

Through his research, Professor McFadden realized that
every time a nerve fires, the electrical activity
sends a signal to the brain's electromagnetic field.
However, unlike solitary nerve signals, information
that reaches the brain's electromagnetic field is
automatically bound together with all the other
signals in the brain.

The brain's electromagnetic field does the binding
that is characteristic of consciousness. Conscious
information processing is associated with the EM
component of ultra low frequency (ULF) brainwaves in
either:

a) Dialectically "denser" parts of the brain in the
normal awake state
of consciousness; or
b) a gaseous ionic structure in the vicinity of the
mind.

This is why we aka ghost hunters look at EM fields. It
is the basis of life itself (a great book on the
subject that I'd recommend for ghost hunters is " The
electromagnetic origins of life" by Dr. Becker). The
brain's EM field is the only possible thing that could
survive bodily death.

EEG and the brain's state
EEG (Electroencephalography) technology is used to
measure brain's electrical vibrations from the surface
of the scalp. The resulting EEG pattern will contain
frequency elements mainly below 30Hz. The frequencies
are categorized into four states as follows:

State Frequency Range  Amplitude State of Mind  
Delta 0.5Hz - 4Hz high (up to 200uV) Deep sleep  
Theta 4Hz - 8Hz low (5uV - 20uV) Drowsiness (also
first stage of sleep)  
Alpha 8Hz - 14Hz high (up to 200uV) Relaxed but alert
Beta 14Hz - 30Hz low (less than 10uV) Highly alert and
focused  

The dominant frequency in the EEG pattern determines
what is called the current state of the brain. If the
amplitude of the alpha range frequencies is highest,
the brain is said to be in the alpha stage. Note that
other frequencies still occur; it is not meaningful to
give any exact frequency your brain is "operating on."


So what happens at death? Using the first law of
thermodynamics there are several possibilities. First,
all that energy could transform intoheat and bleed out
of the skull. That would also mean no afterlife, much
less any possibility for ghosts. Fortunately, there
are other possibilities. The EM field could also
change frequency or polarity. Interestingly enough
there is some data out there that suggests that the
mind goes into theta waves just before death, which
gives us a possibility of ghosts.

Using what data we have from neurology, we can assume
that the frequency change could not exceed much more
than 40Hz or so. The bottom line is that we are
looking for low frequency DC EM fields. These types of
fields are what we need to take a serious look at. The
biggest problem with EMF detectors is that they are
not giving you the most vital piece of information of
the EM field, its FREQUENCY!

They can only give you the power associated with a
field. There is an instrument that can give you both
power levels and frequency. It's a laptop computer. We
have a program that transforms your laptop into a
spectrum analyzer. Using the proper coil or antenna,
so can quickly tell if a field is manmade or not and
record the data from the field onto the hard drive of
the laptop.